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Реферат: Безработица. Проблема безработицы в Восточной Европе
Безработица. Проблема безработицы в Восточной Европе
РОССИЙСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
ДРУЖБЫ НАРОДОВ
Факультет: Инженерный
Кафедра: МПИ
Группа: ИГМ - 101а
Р Е Ф Е Р А Т
На тему: " Мировая экономика алмазного сырья"
Студент: Шонасимов Анис
Руководитель: Петров А.С.
Москва 1998 г.
Содержание:
Ресурсы и запасы …………………………………………….стр.3
Добыча и производство ……………………………………..стр.4
Потребление ………………………………………………….стр.6
Международная торговля ……………………………………стр.8
Цена ……………………………………………………………стр.10
?ano?nu e caianu
I?iyaeaiey aeiacia ecaanoiu a 43 no?aiao ie?a. A 26 ec ieo, iaeaaa?ueo i?iiuoeaiii cia?eiuie neiieaieyie aeiacia, auyaeaiiua ?ano?nu ninoaaey?o aieaa 5 ie?a. ea?aoia. Ieiei 62% ?ano?nia aeiacia nin?aaioi?aii a Ao?eea, aieaa 15% a Aia?eea, iei ei 10% - e Aano?aeee e oieuei 1.5% - a Acee. A yoeo ?aaeiiao iie ?ani?aaaeaiu oae?a aanuia ia?aaiiia?ii. Cia?eoaeuiay ?anou ?ano?nia aeiacia iaoiaeony ia oa??eoi?eyo anaai 8 no?ai:
Iaieaee (ieiei 20%), Aiaieu (ieiei 16%), Eaiaau (ieiei 14%), ?innee, Aionaaiu (12%), Aano?aeee (10%), Cae?a (6%) e ?A? (4%). A i?eaaaaiiuo oeo?ao io?a?aii nouanoaaiiia ecia iaiea a ?ani?aaaeaiee ?ano?nia aeiacia ca iineaaiea 2-3 aiaa. Iii naycaii n onoaiiaeaieai i?iiuoeaiiie cia?eiinoe ia?iiiie ii?neie ?innuiiie i?iaeioee o iiaa?a?uy Iaieaee, aaa o?a ia?aoa iieiiianooaaiay aiau?a aeiacia, a oae?a n iineaaieie ioe?uoeyie a Eaiaaa, aaa auyaeaia i?iiuoeaiiay aeiaciiiniinou iiiaeo e?oiiuo aeao?ai e aaa ieaie?oaony ia ?aou aiau?o a 1998 a.
Iauea caianu aeiacia, onoaiiaeaiiua e 25 no?aiao ie?a (aac ?innee), ninoaaey?o ia ia ?aei 1996 a. aieaa 1.6 ie?a. ea?aoia (oaae.1). Iniiaiay eo ?anou - 68.8% - nin?aaioi?aia a Ao?eea, ieiei 20% - a Aano?aeee, 11.1% - a ??iie e Naaa?iie Aia?eea; ia aie? Acee i?e oiaeony oieuei 0.3%. Ii?oe 95% caiania i?eoiaeony anaai ia 6 no?ai: Aionaaio - 30.8%, Aano ?aee? - 20%, Aiaieo -15.1%, Cae? e Eaiaao - ii 9.8%, ?A? - 9.5%. ?inney ii caianai aeiacia caieiaao ia?aia ianoi a ie?a.
Aeaaiui aaieiai-i?iiuoeaiiui oeiii ianoi?i?aaiee aeiacia yaeyaony ei?aiiie, naycaiiue n o?oaeaie ac?uaa; a ieo nin?aaioi?aii 84.5% ie?iauo caiania. ?innuie caieia?o iia?ei?iiia iiei?aiea (15,6%) ii aaee?eia caiania, ii aeiacu ec ieo, eae i?aaeei, eia?o cia?eoaeuii aieaa aunieia ea?anoai. A iineaaiea aiau aiey ei?aiiuo ianoi?i?aaiee, eae a ie?iauo caianao, oae e a aiau?a iinoiyiii oaaee?eaaeanu a nayce n iianaianoiui enoiuaie ai ?innuiae - iauaeoia, iaeaieaa ainooiiuo e oaiaiuo aey yenieoaoaoee. Aicii?ii, neooa oey ianeieuei eciaieony a aoaouai i?e aieaa eioaineaiii inaiaiee ii?neeo ?innuiae Iaieaee.
N?aae ei?aiiuo ianoi?i?aaiee aiieie?oao' eeiaa?eeoiaue oei. Iiea ecaanoii oieuei iaii, ii e?oiiaeoaa a ie?a ianoi?i?aaiea, naycaiiia n ieeaeiiauie eaii?ieoaie, - o?oaea A?aaee a Aano?aeee. Aucaaiiua aai ioe?uoeai a 1979 a. eioa?an e yoei ii?iaai e iieneiaue aoi e iiaui i?aeoe?aneei ?acoeuoaoai iiea ia i?eaaee. Ecaanoii oae?a ianeieuei n?aaie oaeuii iaaieuoeo ianoi?i?aaiee, caee???iiuo a naiaia?aciuo iaoaii?oeciaaiiuo ii?iaao - “oeeeeoao” e oaeueiauo neaioao, eioi?ua, ii-aeaeiiio, i?aanoaaey?o niaie ?aiiai?ioa?icieneea iaoa eeiaa?eeou (Nua??a-Eaiia, Aaia, Aaeaia) eee iaoaeiiaeiia?aou (A?aceeey).
Aiau?a e i?iecaianoai
Aiau?a aeiacia a i?iiuoeaiiuo ianooaaao a 1995 a. aaeanu a 22 no?aiao (aac ?innee) e oaaee?eeanu ii n?aaiaie? n 1994 a. ia ii?oe ia 2%, ainoeaioa 94 iei. ea?aoia. Noieiinou aiauouo aeiacia ninoaaeyao ii ?aciui ioaieai io 4.2 ai 6.2 ie?a. aiee. Aeiacia ?aaee?iuo ni?oia n?aae ieo anaai ieiei 18%, ieiei 30% n?eoa?ony noau?aaee?iuie e 52% - oaoie?aneeie. Iauai aiau?e ?ani?aaaey?ony ii no?aiai e?aeia ia?aaiiia?ii: 97.1% i?eoiaeony ia 7 ec ieo, a oii ?enea ia Aano?aee? - 43.3%, Cae? - 21.2%, Aionaaio - ieiei 18%, ?A? - 9.7%, Aiaieo - 2%, A?aceee? - 1.6%, Iaieae? - 1.5%.
Iaiaei aaeiaua eiee?anoaaiiua iieacaoaee, io?a?a?uea iauai aiau?e a ea?aoao, ia aa?o i?aanoaaeaiey i ea?anoaa aiauaaaiiai nu?uy. Aieaa iauaeoeaiay oa?aeoa?enoeea aiau?e ii?ao auou iieo?aia iooai n?aaiaiey noiia?iie noieiinoe aeiacia, aiauouo aeaaiuie no?aiaie i?icaiaeoaeyie. Yoi iauyniyaony i?aiu aieuoie ?acieoae a n?aaiae noieiinoe aaeieou i?iecaiaeiuo yoeie no?aiaie aeiacia: Aano?aeey - 9, Cae? - 22, Aiaiea - 394, Iaieaey - 652 aiee. ca ea?ao.
I?iecaianoai a?eeeeaioia inouanoaeyaony, aeaaiui ia?acii, a ianeieueeo e?oiiuo niaoeaeece?iaaiiuo a?aieeuiuo oaio?ao.
Ia?aaioea iaeaieaa ai?iaeo e?oiiuo e n?aaieo eaiiae i?iecaiaeony a Aaeuaee, Ec?aeea e NOA. Caanu noi?ie?iaaeny eiioeiaaio aunieieaaeeoeoe?iaaiiuo niaoeaeenoia, i?eiaiy ?ony nia?aiaiiua, ai iiiaii aaoiiaoece?iaaiiua oaoiieiaee. I?aai?eyoey ii ia?aiea aeia cia - iau?ii iaaieuoea, n ?eneii ?aaioieeia io ianeieueeo ai ianeieueeo aanyoeia ?aeiaae. Nu?ua aeiacu aey yoeo oaa?ee i?eia?aoa?ony eae ?a?ac CSO De Beers, oae e o iacaaeneiuo i?iecaiaeoaeae. I ianooaaao ?aaiou yoeo oaio?ia ii?ii noaeou ii ?acia?o aiaaaeaiiie noieiinoe io i?iecaianoaaiiie e oi?aiai-iin?aaie?aneie aayoaeuiinoe a noa?a iia?aoee n aeiacaie ca 1995 a., iieo?aiiie Aaeuaeae, - 2 ie?a. aiee. e Ec?aeeai - 1.6 ie?a. aiee.
1995 aia aue a oaeii oaa?iui aey i?iecaiaeoaeae a?eeeeaioia, ii a ia?aii iieoaiaee 1996 a. iiiaea ec ieo noaee eniuouaaou cia?eoaeuiua o?oaiinoe a nayce n i?a?aaiui iiauoa ieai oai CSO e oneeeaoaeny eiieo?aioeae ni noi?iiu i?iecaiaeoaeae ec no?ai n ieceei o?iaiai iieaou o?oaa. Oae, ec nouanoaiaaaoeo a Ec?aeea 670 oe?i aieaa 60 cae?ueenu, noau aa iiiaeo inoa?ony iaii?aaaeaiiie. Aeaaaeuou cae?uouo oaa?ee ioe?uaa?o iiaua, iau?ii a no?aiao ?ai-Ainoi?iie Acee, Ao?eee e Ainoi?iie Aa?iiu.
Iaeeea e ieceiea?anoaaiiue noau?aaee?iua aeiacu ("eiaeeneee anni?oeiaio") ecaaaia a?aiyony a Eiaee, eioi?ay yaeyaony e?oiiaeoei ie?iaui i?iaooaioii aao?auo a?eeeeaioia (yenii?o a 1995 a. ninoaaee ieiei 50 iei. ea?.). Ii iaeioi?ui ioaieai, a Eiaee ia?aaaouaaao ny ieiei 65% anao aiauouo a ie?a nu?uo aeiacia. Aeiaciia?aaaouaa?uay eiaono?ey Eiaee yaeyaony e?oiiaeoae a ie?a eae ii ?eneo caiyouo a iae (aieaa 600000 ?aeiaae), oae e ii eiee ?anoao ia?a?aaaouaaaiiai nu?uy e iauae noieiinoe i?iaoeoee. Iineaaiyy ninoaaeyao ieiei 45% iai?ioa ie?iaie oi?aiaee ia?aaioaiiuie aeiacaie. Ia?aiea aeiacia aaa?ony i?aeiouanoaaiii o?aaeoeiiiuie eonoa?iuie iaoiaaie. A Eiaee ia?aaaouaa?ony i?aeio uanoaaiii aano?aeeeneea aeiacu, eioi?ua i?eia?aoaeenu ai iineaaiaai a?aiaie ?a?ac CSO De Beers.
Cia?eoaeuiia eiee?anoai aeiacia a?aiyo oae?a a ?A?, Aano?aeee e a no?aiao ?ai-Ainoi?iie Acee - Oaeeaiaa, O?e-Eaiea, Aiieiiaa, Neiaaio?a. A iineaaiaa a?aiy aaia?aoey ia?aaioee aeiacia ?anoe?eeanu ca n??o no?ai n ieceei o?iaiai iieaou o?oaa. Iaae?aaaony oae?a no?aieaiea i?eaeeceou ia?aaaouaa?uea i?aai?eyoey e enoi?ieeai aiau?e aeiacia. Oae, ?ya eiiiaiee, a oii ?enea De Beers, Lazar Kaplan e a?. nicaa?o a?aieeuiua oaa?eee a Aionaaia, Iaieaee, ?A?, Eeoaa, ?anoi aiaieuii e?oiiua, n ?eneii ?aaioa?ueo 50-100 ?aeiaae, a a ia?niaeoeaa - ai 500 ?aeiaae.
A 1994-95 aa. noaea aeiaie?ii ?acaeaaouny a?aieeuiay i?iiuoeaiiinou ?innee. Yoi auei naycaii n i?aaiecaoeae iiiai?eneaiiuo niaianoiuo i?aai?eyoee n o?anoeai eiino?aiiuo ia?oia?ia e i?aainoaaeaieai ei ainoaa?noaaiiuo oiaa?iuo e?aaeoia a aeaa nu?uo aeiacia, iinoaaeyaiuo naa?o ?inneeneiai eiio?aeoa n De Beers. A?aieeuiua i?aai?eyoey nicaa?ony e a ?eooee, aaa ian?eouaaaony o?a 16 oaa?ee n ?eneii ?aaioieeia ieiei 2000 ?ae. Iauai ia?a?a aioee a 1994-95 aa. ninoaaeye a aaia?iii au?a?aiee ieiei 1 ie?a. aiee. a?aaiaii, i?ioea 500 iei. aiee. a 1993 a. A oaenoa iiaaioiaeaiiiai iiaiai oi?aiaiai niaeaoaiey caoeene?iaaiu iiei?aiey, “niinianoao?uea eioaa?aoee ?innee a ie?iaia aeiacii-a?eeeeaioiaia niiauano ai”; iiaoaa??aaaony “i?aai ia?aie ?oee” aey ?inneeneeo a?aieeuiuo i?aai?eyoee i?e iieo ?aiee nu?uy io eiiiaiee AE?INA; eciaiyaony i?ioaao?a niaeaniaaiey i?aeneo?aioa oai ia i?iaaaaaiua aeiacu e ?anoe?ai ?acia? eiio?ieuiiai ieia aey aeiacia, iayooaeoeaiuo e ia ?aiea a ?innee.
I?iecaianoai neioaoe?aneeo aeiacia a ie?a a 1995 a., eae e a i?aaoanoaiaaaoea aiau, nouanoaaiii aic?inei e ioaieaaaony a 550-600 iei. ea?. E?oiiaeoei i?iaooaioii inoa?ony NOA, ia aie? eioi?uo i?eoiaeony 141 iei. ea?., ?oi ninoaaeyao 24-26% neioaoe?aneeo aeia cia, iieo?aiiuo a ie?a a 1995 a. (oaae. 23.6, ii aaiiui Mineral Commodity Summaries, 1996, n.21).
E?iia NOA, e?oiiaeoeie i?iecaiaeoaeyie neioaoe?aneeo aeiacia yaey?ony ?inney, ?A? e E?eaiaey. Ana ia?a?eneaiiua no?aiu au?aaaouaa?o aianoa aieaa 71% neioaoe?aneeo aeiacia. A 1994-95 aa. caiaoii oaaee?eee i?iecaianoai E?eaiaey, ?A?, Oaaoey, Aa?iaiey, ??iay Ei?ay e NOA. Ianeieuei oe?i a NOA e ?iiiee ?ac?aaioaee iiaua oaoii eiaee i?iiuoeaiiiai iieo?aiey neioaoe?aneeo eaiiae, a oii ?enea - ?aaee?iuo.
Iio?aaeaiea
Iio?aaeaiea oaoie?aneeo aeiacia a 1995 a. i?iaie?aei oaai?eaaouny e ninoaaeei, ii iaeioi?ui ioaieai, ieiei 795 iei. ea?., ec eioi?uo ieiei 90% i?eoiaeeinu ia neioaoe?aneea aeiacu. Iauay noiia i?iaa? oaoie?aneeo aeiacia a ie?a a 1994 a. ioaieaaaony a 550 iei. aiee. Ni?in ia oaoie?aneea aeiacu, a iniiaiii iaeeeo eeannia, ca iineaa iea 20 eao ?in a n?aaiai ia 13% a?aaiaii, nii?iai?aaynu onoie?eaui iaaaieai oai a ?acoeu oaoa niaa?oainoaiaaiey oaoiieiaee i?iecaianoaa e ino?ie eiieo?aioee ia ?uiea. Yoio ?ino iauyniyaony, i?a?aa anaai iinoiyiiui ?anoe?aieai noa?u eniieuciaaiey oaoie?a neeo aeiacia. A NOA iniiaiuie iaeanoyie i?eiaiaiey oaoie?aneeo aeiacia yaey?ony: ia oeiino?iaiea - 27%, aaieiaey (a iniiaiii, ecaioiaeaiea ao?iaiai eino?oiaioa) - 18%, i?iecaianoai no?ieiaoa?eaeia e ecaaeee ec ea?aieee - 17%, aa?aceaia - 16%, no?ieoaeuiiai iai?oaiaaiey - 13%, o?ainii?oiiai iai?oaiaaiey - 6%; i?i?aa - 3%. A oi ?a a?aiy a NOA i?ienoiaeei nie?aiea eniieuciaaiey oaoie?aneeo eaiiae aieiou ai i?aeoe?anee iieiiai io eaca io ieo a 1995 a.
Iio?aaeaiea a?eeeeaioia. Iauaie?iaie ni?in ia a?eeeeaiou iinoiyiii ?ano?o. Ca ii neaaiea 10 eao i?iaa?a a?eeeeaioia oaaee?eeanu a noieiinoiii au?a?aiee ia 112%. A 1995 a. iau?i i?iaa? a?eeeeaioia ninoaaee ieiei 12 ie?a. aiee., - ia 5% aieuoa, ?ai a 1994 a., ii noieiinoe e ia 8% - ii aano. Iau?i ?icie?iuo i?iaa? ?aaee?iuo ecaaeee n a?eeeeaioaie i?e yoii au?in ai 47.2 ie?a. aiee., ia 5% ii n?aaiaie? n 1994 a.; iauay noie iinou a?eeeeaioia a ieo ainoeaea 11.4 ie?a. aiee., ia 7% aieuoa, ?ai a 1994a.
?aoaa?oue aia iia?ya oaaee?eaa?ony i?iaa?e ?aaee?iuo oe?aoaiee n a?eeeeaioaie a NOA, eioi?ua inoa?ony eo e?oiiaeoei iio?aaeoaeai. A 1995 a. ?ino ninoaaee 7% ii ?eneo i?iaaiiuo ecaaeee, 6% - ii eo noieiinoe e 9% - ii noieiinoe a ieo a?eeeeaioia.
Iauai yiiineiai ?uiea a?eeeeaioia niiinoaaei n aia?eeaineei. Ii iaeioi?ui ioaieai, ii o?a i?aacioae aia?eeaineee, ainoeaioa a 1995 a. ?oaa?a 13.3 ie?a. aiee. ?ino i?iaa? ?aa ee?iuo oe?aoaiee n a?eeeeaioaie ninoaaee 7%; iiauoaiiui ni?inei iieuciaaeenu a?eeee aiou e?oiiaa 1 ea?.
A Aa?iia iio?aaeaiea ?aaee?iuo ecaaeee n a?eeeeaioaie oaaee?eeinu a n?aaiai ia 5%, a iniaaiii cia?eoaeuiue ?ino i?iaa? iaae?aaeny ai O?aioee - ia 11%, Aa?iaiee - ia 9%, Aiaeee - ia 7%.
Ao?ii ?acaeaaaoeeny ?uiie ?ai-Ainoi?iie Acee a 1995 a. aue ioaa?ai canoiai - i?iaa?a a?eeeeaioia a ?aaee?iuo ecaaeeyo caanu au?inea anaai ia 2%, i?e??i ia Oaeaaia - iaaaaiai eeaa?a ?aaee?iiai ?uiea - oiaea ia 25%.
Aeoeaii ?anoe?yaony iio?aaeaiea a?eeeeaioia a Eeoaa. Ii ioaieai iaeioi?uo yenia?oia, aeiaciue ?uiie Eeoay a aee?aeoai aoaouai ii?ao noaou iaeaieaa e?oiiui ia oieuei a Acee, ii e a ie?a.
A nayce n oeo?oaieai ia?niaeoea ie?iiai o?aaoee?iaaiey e?ecena ia Aee?iai Ainoiea ?ano?o cia?aiea a?aaneiai ?uiea a?eeeeaioia, ?ieinou eioi?iai o?a nae?an ioaieaaaony a 500-600 iei. aiee. a aia.
A oaeii ia?niaeoeau ie?iaiai ?uiea a?eeeeaioia auaeyayo iaiaaa?eaa?ua, iniaaiii ia oiia iioeienoe?aneeo i?iaiicia, eana?ueony i?aanoiyuaai ia?eiaa auno?iai yeiiiie?a neiai ?acaeoey aaaoueo ainoaa?noa ie?a. Iaae?aaaony ?anoe?aiea iaeanoae eniieuciaaiey a?eeeeaioia a nayce n iiyaeaieai a iaeioi?uo no?aiao, a oii ?enea a NOA e ?iiiee, iiaie o?aaeoee - ecaioiaeaiey ia?o?aeuiuo eieao n a?eeeeaioaie. Ai iiiaii yoiio niinianoaoao aeoeaiay ?aeeaiiay aayoaeuiinou, i?iaiaeiay, a ?anoiinoe, eiiiaieae De Beers n o??oii ia oeiiaeuiuo iniaaiiinoae e nia?aiaiiuo oaiaaioee ?acaeoey ?acee?iuo no?ai. Ia yoo ?ae eaiio? eaiiaie? De Beers ?anoiaoao a?aaiaii 200 iei. aiee. - aieuoa, ?ai ia ana aaieiai-iieneiaun ?aaiou.
Ia?aoia?iaiay oi?aiaey
Ia?aoia?iaiay oi?aiaey aeiacaie i?aanoaaeyao niaie aanuia nei?io?, ?acaaoae?iio?, iiiainooiai?aoo? e o?aaeoeiiii cae?uoo? nenoaio.
Aeaaiay ?ieu ia ia?ae?iii ?uiea aeiacia i?eiaaea?eo Oaio?aeuiie nauoiaie i?aaie caoee {CSO} eiiiaiee De Beers, aace?o?uaeny a Eiiaiia, eioi?ay ai iaaaaiaai a?aiaie eii o?iee?iaaea ieiei 80% (a noieiinoiii au?a?aiee) ie?iauo i?iaa? iaia?aaioaiiuo aeiacia. N auoiaii ec ea?oaey aano?aeeeneie oe?iu Argyle yoa oeo?a oiaiuoeeanu ia 5-6%. CSO De Beers, nicaaiiay a 30-o aiaao, neo?eo eino?oiaioii aey iiaaa??aiey aunieeo e noa aeeuiuo oai ia aeiacu. Iiiiiieecaoey cia?eoaeuiie ?anoe ?uiea nu?uo aeiacia iicaieyea CSO yooaeoeaii iiaaa??eaaou ?aaiiaanea ia?ao ni?inii e i?aaei?aieai. A aa ooieoee aoiaeo iieoiea nu?uy o no?ai e oe?i-i?iecaiaeoaeae, a oae?a ni?oe?iaea, ioaiea e i?iaa?a aeiacia ia ia?ae?iii ?uiea. E?iia oiai, CSO ?a?ac iaoe?io? naou naieo i?aanoaaeoaeunoa inouanoaeyao iiieoi?eia ?uiea aeiacia e a?eeeeaioia, a oae?a i?iaiaeo oe?ieiianooaaiua ?aeeaiiua eaiiaiee.
I?iaa?e inouanoaey?ony ia naeaao (niio?ao), ono?aeaaaiuo 10 ?ac a aiao, a eioi?uo iiaoo i?eieiaou o?anoea oieuei 160 e?oiiuo iinoiyiiuo iioiauo eeeaioia (naeooieaa?ia). I? aaiecaoey i?iaa? aanuia niaoeoe?ia. Aey ea?aiai naeoa aioiayony anni?oeiaioiua ia?oee, eiee?anoai aeiacia a eioi?uo e eo ea?anoaaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee iiaae?a?ony ia oieuei ii i?aaaa?eoaeuiui cayaeai eeeaioia, ii e n o??oii iaiaoiaeiinoe iiaaa??aiey ?aaiiaaney ia?ao ni?inii e i?aaei?aieai ia oa eee eiua eaoaai?ee eaiiae.
Iinoaaee nu?uo aeiacia a CSO i?iecaiaeoaeyie ?aaoee?o?ony nenoaiie eaio. CSO ?an iieaaaao aicii?iinoyie aey ?aaoee?iaaiey ?uiea, eiay cia?eoaeuiua oeiainiaua n?aanoaa, a oae?a aooa?iue caian aeiacia, eioi?ua eniieuco?ony aey eeeaeaaoee aaoeoeoa nu?uy ia ?uiea e o?aiaiey aai eceeoeia a ia?eiau iiie?aiiiai ni?ina. Ainoaoi?ii ??noeee eiio?ieu ca ninoiyieai ?uiea a i?eioeia auaiaai anai, eia?uei oiou eaeia-oi ioiioaiea e aeiacai, - io eo aiauo?eeia e i?iaaaoia ai, eae yoi ie no?aiii ia ia?aue acaeya, iieoiaoaeae aioiaie ?aaee?iie i?iaoeoee. Ana iie caeioa?aniaaiu a iinoi yiiii ?inoa noieiinoe aeiacia; aey ia?auo yoi icia?aao aicii?iinou iieo?aou i?eaueu e ?anoe?you i?iecaianoai, aey aoi?uo - aa?aioe? iaa??iiai iiiauaiey aei?aiiiai a iieoieo eaieoaea, ?anoi - iaiaeiai.
Iaiieaiaeuiay nenoaia nauoa ooieoeiie?iaaea ainoaoi?ii iaa??ii ia i?ioy?aiee 60 eao. Ca enoaeoee ia?eia oieuei 3 no?aiu iieeioee a? - Aaia (1962 a.), Cae? (1981 a.), a oae ?a Aano?aeey (1996 a.), iineieueo eiiiaiey Argyle Diamond Mines ni?ea, ?oi aaeuiaeoaa i?a auaaiea a ninoaaa ea?oaey ia ioaa?aao a? eioa?anai. Auoiaeea ec ea?oaey a 1986 a. e Aiaiea; iaiaei a 1989 a., iinea caiaoiiai nie?aiey oai ia a? aeiacu, aiiau aa?ioeanu a iaai.
Iia aii?inii caee??aiea i?a?aaiiai oi?aiaiai niaeaoaiey ia?ao CSO e ?inneeneie eiiiaieae AE?INA, ia?aaiai?u ia oneiaeyo eioi?iai aaaoony o?a aieaa aiaa. Ee??aauie i?iaeaiaie, ii eioi?ui ia?oi??u ia iiaoo iiea iaeoe eiii?iienn, yaey?ony i?aainoaaeaiea ?innee aieuoae naiaiau a i?aaa ?anii?y?aouny naieie aeiacaie (ca n??o nie?aiey iayca oaeuiie eaiou), a oae?a iiauoaiea caeoii?iuo oai. Ca yoeie i?iaeaiaie noiyo e eioa?anu ?inneeneie a?aieeuiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, caeioa?aniaaiiie a i?yiie caeoiea nu?uy o ?innee neeo aiauo?eeia.
A eiioa 1996 a. niiauaeinu i iiiuoeao ea?oaey onoaiiaeou eiio?ieu iaa i?iaoeoeae ia? aiai aia?eeaineiai i?iiuoeaiiiai ?oaieea Eaene-Eaee, a oae?a iaa au? oieuei ieaie?oa iie aiau?ae ia ia?aii eaiaaneii ianoi?i?aaiee Eae-aa-A?a. Iaiaei ia?aaiai?u a iaieo neo?ayo iiea caeii?eeenu aac?acoeuoaoii.
A iineaaiaa a?aiy neooaoey ia ie?iaii ?uiea iaia?aaioaiiuo aeiacia ainoaoi?ii aea aiiieo?ia. Iinea i?a?aaiie aanoaaeeecaoee 1990-91 aa., i?aiaieaiiie a cia?eoaeuiie ia?a oneeeyie CSO De Beer's, iaae?aaaony onoie?eaue ?ino ni?ina.
A?oaeie o?anoieeaie ia?ae?iiai ?uiea, eiio?iee?o?ueie 25-35% i?iaa? nu?uo aeia cia, yaey?ony Cae?, Aaia, a n e?iy 1996 a. e Aano?aeey. Cae? yenii?oe?oao a Aa?iio ?a?ac naou caeoii?iuo eiioi? ieiei 75% naiae i?iaoeoee, eioi?ay a 1995 a. ninoaaeyea ieiei 20 iei. ea?. iauae noieiinou? 377 iei. aiee. Aaia yenii?oe?iaaea ?anou i?iaoeoee (ieiei 4 iei. ea?.) ?a?ac CSO, inoaeuiia - ?a?ac nai? caeoii?io? ei?ii?aoe?. I?iaoeoey Aano?aeee, ninoaaey?uay ieiei 40 iei. ea?., oaia?u any aoaao i?iaaaaouny ia naiaiaiii ?uiea - ?a?ac i?aanoaaeoaeunoaa a Aioaa?iaia, a Oaaeoa?ee e, aeaeii, a Aiiaaa. Iauay noieiinou a? i?iaoeoee a 1995 a. ioaieaaaony a 362 iei. aiee.
Oaia
N?aaiyy oaia aeiacia, ii?aaaeaiiay ?a?ac iauo? noieiinou e ie?iao? aiau?o aeiacia, ninoaaeyea a 1995 a. ieiei 50 aiee. ca ea?ao. N?aaiyy oaia nu?uo ?aaee?iuo aeiacia - 182 aiee./ea?ao, oaoie?aneeo - a n?aaiai 2.5 aiee/ea?., iieo?aaee?iuo ni?oia - ieiei 30 aiee/ea?. N?aaiyy noieiinou nu?uo aeiacia, eiii?oe?iaaiiuo a Aioaa?iai, ninoaaeea 84.4 aiee./ea?., a?eeeeaioia - 664 aiee./ea?. A oi ?a a?aiy yenii?oe?iaaiea ec Aioaa?iaia nu?ua aeiacu a n?aaiai noieee 61.3 aiee./ea?., a?eeeeaiou 801.3 aiee./ea?. NOA eiii?oe?iaaee nu?ua aeiacu ii oaia 548 aiee./ea?., a?eeeeaiou iaiaa 0.5 ea?. - 218 aiee./ea?., aieaa 0.5 ea?. - 1254 aiee./ea?. N?aaiyy yenii?oiay oaia aia?eeaineeo aeiacia - 1105 aiee./ea?.
Iaiaei yoe n?aaiaacaaoaiiua oeo?u, iniaaiii aey ?aaee?iuo aeiacia, ia eia?o iniaaiiiai niunea, iineieueo ?aaeuiay noieiinou aeiaca - iieacaoaeu noaoai eiaeaeaoaeuiue, ii?aaaeyaiue aey ea?aiai eiie?aoiiai eaiiy e eciaiy?ueeny a oe?ieeo i?aaaeao - io aanyoeia aieea?ia ai nioai ouny? aieea?ia ca ea?ao. Ia oaio aeey?o iiiai oaeoi?ia, aeaaiuie ec eioi?uo yaey?ony: ?acia? eaiiy, aai i?ic?a?iinou, ie?anea, iaee?ea aee??aiee, ?anoioa ano?a?aaiinoe oao eee eiuo ?aciiaeaiinoae e, anoanoaaiii, ni?in, aeeooaiue iiaie. Iaeioi?ua oi?aiaua eeanneoeeaoee nu?uo aeiacia aee??a?o ai 5000 ni?oia, o?eouaa?ueo oiiiyiooua i?eciaee eaiiae.
Oaiu ia oaoie?aneea aeiacu ia eia?o noieu oe?ieiai ?aca?ina e ii?aaaey?ony a iniiaiii eiiu?ieoo?ie ?uiea.
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